Module 1 – SLP Assignment MGT501
Managing Individual Behavior
The SLP for this course involves making a personal assessment of a relevant set of skills, focusing on your strengths and identifying any weaknesses that may have been revealed. You will then create a plan by which you can “grow” your strengths and shore up your weaknesses. By the end of the project, you will have a personal management profile and action plan.
As we have discussed, your values and attitudes interact with your personality to create a strong effect on your work life. The fit between an individual’s personality and a company’s “style” is essential to job satisfaction. Someone who is risk-averse, for example, would probably be unhappy at 3M, a company with a reputation for innovation and risk-taking. Understanding the impact of your own personality on others helps you build productive work relationships with peers, subordinates, and bosses, alike.
Refer to the required and optional sources for this module, and any other materials which will help you in understanding personality styles and how they affect organizational effectiveness. Remember to follow Trident’s guidelines for masters-level writing. (See The Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper .)
Assignment
Click on this link to access and complete the Jung Typology personality test. After you complete the test, you will want to read the description, but in order to fully understand what this test measures, you should also review “Personality Type explained.” Then review the pages on career choices, learning style and communication skills. Incorporate this information in formulating your responses to the questions below.
Include the actual results in an appendix at the end of your paper. (Note: This appendix requirement will likely increase your paper’s Turnitin similarity score; however, your professor is aware of this.)
Prepare a 2- to 3-page essay that addresses the following:
How does my personality type affect my career and effectiveness at my job?
Discuss:
· What did the test reveal about you?
· What can you infer from this test about your strengths and weaknesses?
· How does what you have learned from your module background materials about your personality type affect your motivation? Is this limited to a specific type of situation?
· What specific steps can you take to increase your strengths and build up weaknesses?
Refer to at least two module readings plus any other materials to help you in understand personality styles and how they affect organizational effectiveness. Complete the assessment according to the guidelines. Include the actual results in an Appendix section as the last page of your paper.
Follow the writing guidelines and other sources listed under the Optional Materials heading on the Module 1 Background page.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Your paper will be evaluated using the criteria on the SLP rubric (see the rubric for more detail): Assignment-Driven, Critical Thinking, Business Writing, Effective Use of Information, Citing Sources, and Timeliness.
You can find the rubric under Assessments>Rubrics at the top of the page.
Jung Test Results
Jung Typology Test™
This free personality test is based on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers’ personality type theory. business users – use advanced version »
Upon completion of the questionnaire, you will:
Obtain your 4-letter type formula according to Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers’ typology, along with the strengths of preferences and the description of your personality type
Discover careers and occupations most suitable for your personality type along with examples of educational institutions where you can get a relevant degree or training
Understand communication and learning styles of your type.
See which famous personalities share your type
Be able to use the results of this test as an input into the Jung Marriage Test™ to assess your compatibility with your long-term romantic partner
Instructions »
When responding to the statements, please choose the response you agree with most. If you are not sure how to answer, make your choice based on your most typical response or feeling in the given situation. Selecting an upper case “YES” means strong agreement, and checking a lower case “yes” means moderate agreement. Likewise, selecting an upper case “NO” means strong disagreement, and checking a lower case “no” means moderate disagreement. Selecting “uncertain” means you do not feel strongly either way about the given situation. To get a reliable result, please respond to all questions. When you are done with answering, press the “Score It!” button at the bottom of the screen.
For Organizations and Professionals
Organizations and specialists interested in personality assessments based on Jung’s typology please visit
www.HRPersonality.com
where we offer personality assessments for:
candidate assessment and pre-employment screening
leadership and staff development
team building
career counseling
integrated solutions
psychographics
1:1 Personality Compatibility Report
We offer team building and leadership workshops .
Top of Form
Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers’ typology Personality Test Results for me
· Personality Type Explained
· 16 Types
· ENFJ
· ENFP
· ENTJ
· ENTP
· ESFJ
· ESFP
· ESTJ
· ESTP
· INFJ
· INFP
· INTJ
· INTP
· ISFJ
· ISFP
· ISTJ
· ISTP
· More
· 16 Personality Types: Careers
· 16 Personality Types: Communication Strategies Communication Strategies
· 16 Personality Types: Learning Styles Learning Styles
· 16 Personality Types: Leadership Styles Leadership Styles
· Determine Other People’s Personality
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ENTJ
Extraverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging
“I don’t care to sit by the window on an airplane. If I can’t control it, why look?”
ENTJs have a natural tendency to marshall and direct. This may be expressed with the charm and finesse of a world leader or with the insensitivity of a cult leader. The ENTJ requires little encouragement to make a plan. One ENTJ put it this way… “I make these little plans that really don’t have any importance to anyone else, and then feel compelled to carry them out.” While “compelled” may not describe ENTJs as a group, nevertheless the bent to plan creatively and to make those plans reality is a common theme for NJ types.
ENTJs are often “larger than life” in describing their projects or proposals. This ability may be expressed as salesmanship, story-telling facility or stand-up comedy. In combination with the natural propensity for filibuster, our hero can make it very difficult for the customer to decline.
TRADEMARK: — “I’m really sorry you have to die.” (I realize this is an overstatement. However, most Fs and other gentle souls usually chuckle knowingly at this description.)
ENTJs are decisive. They see what needs to be done, and frequently assign roles to their fellows. Few other types can equal their ability to remain resolute in conflict, sending the valiant (and often leading the charge) into the mouth of hell. When challenged, the ENTJ may by reflex become argumentative. Alternatively (s)he may unleash an icy gaze that serves notice: the ENTJ is not one to be trifled with.
(ENTJ stands for Extravert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging and represents individual’s preferences in four dimensions characterising personality type, according to Jung’s and Briggs Myers’ theories of personality type.)
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
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Functional Analysis Of The ENTJ
Based on Jung’s framework of cognitive functions
Extraverted Thinking
“Unequivocating” expresses the resoluteness of the ENTJ’s dominant function. Clarity of convictions endows these Thinkers with a knack for debate, or wanting knack, a penchant for argument. The light and heat generated by Thinking at the helm can be impressive; perhaps even overwhelming. Experience teaches many ENTJs that restraint may often be the better part of valor, lest one find oneself victorious but alone.
Introverted iNtuition
The auxiliary function explores the blueprints of archetypal patterns and equips Thinking with a fresh, dynamic sense of how things work. Improvising on the fly is something many ENTJs do very well. As Thinking’s subordinate, insights are of value only insofar as they further the Right, True Cause celebre. [n.b.: ENTJs are capable of living on a higher plane, if you will, and learning to value individuals even above their principles. The above dynamic suggests less individuation.]
Extraverted Sensing
Sensing reaches out to embrace that which physically touches it. ENTJs have an awareness of the real; of that which exists. By stilling the engines of Thinking and iNtuition, this type may experience the Here and Now, and know things not dreamt of nor even postulated in iNtuition’s philosophy. Sensing’s minor role, however, puts it at risk for distortion or extreme weakness beneath the hustle and bustle of the giants N and T.
Introverted Feeling
Feeling is romantic, as the ethereal as the inner world from whence it doth emerge. When it be awake, feeling evokes great passion that knows not nuance of proportion nor context. Perhaps these lesser functions inspire glorious recreational quests in worlds that never were, or may only ever be in fantasy. When overdone or taken too seriously, Fi turned outward often becomes maudlin or melodramatic. Feeling in this type appears most authentic when implied or expressed covertly in a firm handshake, accepting demeanor, or act of sacrifice thinly covered by excuses of lack of any personal interest in the relinquished item.
ENTJ Career Choices for me
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
ENTJs often find themselves in occupations that require good analytical and planning skills. ENTJs build successful careers in those areas that require considerable organizational skills and intellectual effort, in occupations that present a challenge and call for creativity. They are greatly represented in technological and management consulting companies among engineers and developers, and among high- and mid-rank managers. They are also able to realize their potential in start-ups where they often fulfill management positions or take responsibility for the whole project.
Jung Career Indicator™ determines occupations and areas in which people of your type find themselves most fulfilled and content, are most successful, and in which they are likely most represented. The following table lists some examples of areas of occupation suitable from a personality type standpoint, along with examples of educational institutions* where you can receive a relevant degree or training. The table factors in the expressiveness of the four traits of your personality type: Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%). Therefore, ENTJ type persons with different expressiveness scores might get a somewhat different list. Areas of occupation that are more aligned with your result appear first. Click occupation names and school logos to request program information.
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ENTJ Entrepreneur?
In fact, anyone can be an entrepreneur. There are many factors influencing how successful an entrepreneur can be, and your personality preferences is one of the very important ones. Identifying a line of business and size that fits your entrepreneurial personality preferences helps mitigating risks and increasing chances of being more successful and more content. Determine most favorable for you size and kinds of businesses and franchises with Entrepreneur Quiz » .
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
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Career Choices and Risk Attitudes
One of the main reasons for difficulties in a career is inconsistency between person’s natural risk attitudes (like risk aversion or, on the contrary, risk seeking) and career steps they are taking. This inconsistency leads to stress and emotional discomfort, reduces confidence in your own abilities, adversely affecting your career. Take the Risk Attitudes Quiz to understand your risk type and gain additional insights.
Risk Attitudes Quiz comes in handy when considering a job or changing the course of your career, especially if you:
· lack self-confidence which is keeping you from taking the next step toward your dream job.
· are over-analytical and cannot stop debating alternatives.
· are looking to achieve sustainability in your career.
· change your course too often and want to find out the potential cause for that.
Take the Risk Attitudes Quiz » to see if the career decisions you make are in line with the risk attitudes that match your personality.
Education Tips
· Education is a huge investment of time and money so be ready to ask a lot of questions of any college or university you are considering. Therefore, create a list of questions and take notes as you get your answers while talking to an enrolment advisor or when signing up and requesting information.
· Be wary of any school that is unable to or refuses to answer any of your questions. A degree is a long-term commitment and choosing a college or university that understands and can meet your needs should be one of your top priorities.
· Sign up and request information from several schools so that you can compare and, if possible, negotiate more favourable conditions.
· There is no such thing as the “perfect” college or university. Stay open minded and realize that any number of schools may be a good fit for you and provide you with the degree and student services that you need.
Important aspects you should pay attention to include:
· School’s accreditation
· Financial aid offered
· Tuition and fees. What’s included and what isn’t. Payment plans.
· Student services available
· Instructors’ credentials
· How tests are administered
· Time required to complete the program
· How long the program has been offered and how many students have enrolled
· Key dates
· Any requirements or pre-requisites
· Previous: ENTJ Type Description
ENTJ Learning Style for me
How ENTJs acquire, memorize and recollect information
An ENTJ’s interest in learning a subject lies in the answer to the question “Will this help me solve a problem?” If the answer is yes, the more thoroughly and extensively they can learn how, the greater the ENTJ’s interest in the given topic, and the greater their desire to apply what they learn. Their interest in studying something is driven both by the desire to learn about ideas of popular interest, as well as by the need to find practical solutions to pressing problems.
ENTJs are easily receptive to learning material when it is presented in a theoretical form, and new information flows logically from information given earlier. This type has a comprehensive understanding of new material and immediately grasps how it can be applied in various ways. ENTJs learn well in an organized educational system (e.g., an organized degree or certification program), but learn just as well from sources not unified by a single formal learning process (e.g., individual courses or readings).
They are capable of mechanical memorization, although the amount retained this way is less than when memorization is based on a generalized understanding of the material. ENTJs retain information best when it is presented from various perspectives and using various examples. Memorizing material presented as a collection of poorly interrelated items is mentally straining for an ENTJ.
ENTJs are capable of actively applying material they have learned well to their work. They are able to use it in clearly defined applications as well as by drawing creative conclusions on how it can be used for other purposes.
ENTJs are able to remain very stable when experiencing a high level of learning related stress. They prefer to evenly distribute their efforts in learning new material, although they are capable of learning through short periods of overexertion.
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
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An ENTJ’s learning is improved when:
· Learning is systematic and intensive
· Material is presented on a conceptual basis
· Material is presented as unexplored and of popular interest
· Active learning methods such as debates, brainstorming and contests are used
· Their learning-related successes and achievements are recognized by others
· Material is delivered at a fast pace, as ENTJs quickly sort and process information
An ENTJ’s learning is hindered when:
· Material is of no strong personal interest to the ENTJ
· Material is trivial
· The knowledge received does not significantly expand the boundaries of their understanding and opportunities for application in the given area
· What they learn is insufficient to allow them to present themselves as knowledgeable on the topic
· Previous: ENTJ Career Choices
· Next: ENTJ Communication Skills
· You: ENTJ
· Your Business
» Type Description » Career Choices » Learning Style » Communication Skills » Famous ENTJs
» Personality Type Explained
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ENTJ Communication Skills for me
ENTJs respect and maintain the manners and order accepted in their circle. They may often come across as demanding, but as a rule, not when it comes to minor issues. ENTJs are ready to share their opinion with those around them and to find out theirs. At the same time, they often strive to ensure that their opinion be the one recognized as the right one. Their objective, business-like, confident and at times bossy conversation style can be upsetting to people of a more feeling type or result in counteraction on the part of others who are also disposed toward leadership.
ENTJs can encounter difficulties when communication requires finer soft skills, such as being very tactful or particularly patient, or involves the finer feelings of the soul. The topics of love or lyric poetry can fail to elicit a strong emotional response in them. At the same time, they often take an active part at events or gatherings related to expressions of feelings, for instance, in organizing charity or other public events.
ENTJs usually have a large social circle including their friends, colleagues, and contacts made at parties, gatherings, during time off work or entertainment events they might be attending.
Business communication of ENTJs tends to be pretty intense. Their colleagues (or others who work in the same field) often find it important or necessary to get their authoritative and/or expert opinion on professional subjects. For ENTJs, communication usually includes opinions, ideas, discussing organizational management aspects and practical solutions.
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
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ENTJ: Strategies for Successful Communication
It is easy for ENTJs to find common ground with people of the same mindset, or to put it differently, with people that also belong to the intuitive/thinking group (NT) that includes ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP, and INTP personality types. People in this group see the world in a similar way, so ENTJs find it easy to share their views with other NTs and are, in turn, disposed toward comprehending reasoning or views of other NTs.
For effective communication with people in the sensory/thinking group (ST) including ESTJ, ISTJ, ESTP and ISTP personality types, it is best for ENTJs to mostly keep to communication based upon facts, and their direct consequences. Overall, such communication style is pretty compatible with ENTJs and they find it easy to adapt to it. As for people in the ST group, this style of communication is very suited to their way of thinking, and should be well understood.
When communicating with people in the intuitive/feeling group (NF) including ENFJ, INFJ, ENFP, and INFP personality types, ENTJs need to mostly keep to communication based upon ideas, concepts and theories. Conversations between ENTJs and representatives of this group often touch on multiple aspects of the discussion topics and are beneficial to both sides. While ENTJs try to keep to the objective view, whereas a significant proportion of representatives of the NF group judge based on their feelings, nevertheless the parties often find common ground necessary for effective communication and problem solving.
Greater difficulty occurs between ENTJs and representatives of the sensory/feeling group (SF) including ESFJ, ISFJ, ESFP, and ISFP personality types. During conversation with people in this group ENTJs should keep to communication based upon feelings, facts and actual sensations. The problem, however, lies in the fact that ENTJ find it difficult to keep up communicating in this way. They end up needing to strain in order to put forward argumentation that can be understood by the SFs, which often leads to ENTJs trying to wrap up the conversation, or losing interest since the other party doesn’t “get it”. In order to ensure a level of communication suitable for both sides, ENTJs should adjust themselves beforehand to a conversation style that suits SF people.
How to determine which personality type group another person belongs to?
What helps successful communication for an ENTJ:
· A need to find hidden, unobvious possibilities
· The topic of conversation requires good understanding of logical connections and the development course of events
· The topic of discussion is conceptual in nature
· A need for a creative approach to the discussion topic
· The subject being discussed requires an active response
What hinders successful communication for an ENTJ:
· Discussion material with weak logical connections
· Discussion material of a purely practical and mundane nature
· The conversation involves the finer feelings of the soul for too long
Read more about communication strategies »
· Previous: ENTJ Learning Style
Famous ENTJs in relation to me
Extraverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging
U.S. Presidents:
· Franklin D. Roosevelt
· Richard M. Nixon
Lamar Alexander (US Senator) Les Aspen, former U.S. Secretary of Defense Candace Bergen (Murphy Brown) Jim Carrey (Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Mask) Rahm Emanuel, White House Chief of Staff Harrison Ford Newt Gingrich Whoopi Goldberg Benny Goodman, “Big Band” leader Al Gore (U.S Vice President, 1993-2001) Penn Jillette Steve Jobs Dave Letterman Steve Martin General Norman Schwarzkopf Patrick Stewart (STNG: Jean Luc Picard) Margaret Thatcher Robert James Waller (author: The Bridges of Madison County) Sigourney Weaver
Typology of Westeros: personality types of the characters from A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy novel series (you may have seen its Game of Thrones TV adaptation).
(by Joe Butt – published under license)
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
Would you like to find prominent people whose personality traits are close to yours?
The Role Model Quiz compares your risk profile with the profiles of two hundred prominent people. It then lists the ones who are most similar to you and tells you the percentage of similarity with each one.
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· Previous: ENTJ Communication Skills
Personality Type Explained
According to Carl G. Jung’s theory of psychological types [Jung, 1971], people can be characterized by their preference of general attitude:
· Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I),
their preference of one of the two functions of perception:
· Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N),
and their preference of one of the two functions of judging:
· Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)
The three areas of preferences introduced by Jung are dichotomies (i.e. bipolar dimensions where each pole represents a different preference). Jung also proposed that in a person one of the four functions above is dominant – either a function of perception or a function of judging. Isabel Briggs Myers, a researcher and practitioner of Jung’s theory, proposed to see the judging-perceiving relationship as a fourth dichotomy influencing personality type [Briggs Myers, 1980]:
· Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)
The first criterion, Extraversion – Introversion, signifies the source and direction of a person’s energy expression. An extravert’s source and direction of energy expression is mainly in the external world, while an introvert has a source of energy mainly in their own internal world.
The second criterion, Sensing – Intuition, represents the method by which someone perceives information. Sensing means that a person mainly believes information he or she receives directly from the external world. Intuition means that a person believes mainly information he or she receives from the internal or imaginative world.
The third criterion, Thinking – Feeling, represents how a person processes information. Thinking means that a person makes a decision mainly through logic. Feeling means that, as a rule, he or she makes a decision based on emotion, i.e. based on what they feel they should do.
The fourth criterion, Judging – Perceiving, reflects how a person implements the information he or she has processed. Judging means that a person organizes all of his life events and, as a rule, sticks to his plans. Perceiving means that he or she is inclined to improvise and explore alternative options.
All possible permutations of preferences in the 4 dichotomies above yield 16 different combinations, or personality types, representing which of the two poles in each of the four dichotomies dominates in a person, thus defining 16 different personality types. Each personality type can be assigned a 4 letter acronym of the corresponding combination of preferences:
The first letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the first letter of the preference of general attitude – “E” for extraversion and “I” for introversion.
The second letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the preference within the sensing-intuition dimension: “S” stands for sensing and “N” stands for intuition.
The third letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the preference within the thinking-feeling pair: “T” stands for thinking and “F” stands for feeling.
The forth letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to a person’s preference within the judging-perceiving pair: “J” for judging and “P” for perception.
For example:
· ISTJ stands for Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging
· ENFP stands for Extraverted, iNtuitive, Feeling, Perceiving
Your Type Preferences
Extravert(9%) iNtuitive(19%) Thinking(3%) Judging(28%)
Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: ENTJ and ENFJ.
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What do percentages next to the personality type words or letters mean?
Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test™ (JTT™) and Jung Typology Profiler for Workplace™ (JTPW™) instrument determine the expressiveness of each of the four personality type dimensions (Extraversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, and Judging vs. Perceiving.)
In JTT™ and JTPW™, the scales of these four dimensions represent a continuum between two opposite poles, from 100 at one pole to 100 at another pole. I.e. Extravert-Introvert dimension is a continuum from 100 on Extraversion (i.e. respondent is a 100% extravert) to 100 on Introversion (i.e. respondent is a 100% introvert). In other words the scale is 200 units long:
Extravert [100% – – – 0% – – – 100%] Introvert
People may reveal features of both poles but typically have a preference of one way over the other. The letter indicates the preference and the percentage indicates the extent of it.
The E-I score of 0% means the respondent is at the borderline between being an extravert and an introvert. Having Extraversion score of greater than 0 – e.g. 20% – means being 20% more slanted toward Extraversion over Introversion. Having Introversion score of greater than 0 – e.g. 20% – means being 20% more slanted toward Introversion over Extraversion.
The same pertains to the S-N, T-F, and J-P dichotomies.
The Basics of Jung’s Typology
Jung called Extraversion-Introversion preference general attitude, since it reflects an individual’s attitude toward the external world distinguished by the “direction of general interest” [Jung, 1971]: the extravert maintains affinity for, and sources energy from the outer world, whereas the introvert is the other way around – their general interest is directed toward their inner world, which is the source of their energy.
As mentioned above, Jung introduced a pair of judging functions – thinking and feeling – and a pair of perception functions – sensing (or “sensation”), and intuition.
Sensing-Intuition preference represents the method by which one perceives information: Sensing means an individual mainly relies on concrete, actual information – “in so far as objects release sensations, they matter” [1], whereas Intuition means a person relies upon their conception about things based on their understanding of the world. Thinking-Feeling preference indicates the way an individual processes information. Thinking preference means an individual makes decisions based on logical reasoning, and is less affected by feelings and emotions. Feeling preference means that an individual’s base for decisions is mainly feelings and emotions.
Jung introduced the idea of hierarchy and direction of psychological functions. According to Jung, one of the psychological functions – a function from either judging or perception pair – would be primary (also called dominant). In other words, one pole of the poles of the two dichotomies (Sensing-Feeling and Thinking-Feeling) dominates over the rest of the poles. The Extraversion-Introversion preference sets the direction of the dominant function: the direction points to the source of energy that feeds it – i.e. to the outer world for extraverts and to the inner world for introverts.
Jung suggested that a function from the other pair would be secondary (also called auxiliary) but still be “a determining factor” [Jung, 1971]. I.e. if Intuition is dominant, then the auxiliary one is either Thinking or Feeling. If Sensing is dominant, then the auxiliary one can also be either Thinking or Feeling. However, if Thinking is dominant, then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or Intuition, and if Feeling is dominant then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or Intuition. In other words, the auxiliary function never belongs to the same dichotomy.
Jung called feeling and thinking types “rational” because they are characterized by the dominance of judging functions that provide reasoning rationale (be it thinking or feeling). “Rational” or Judging preference results in thinking, feelings, response and behaviour that consciously operate in line with certain rules, principles or norms. People with dominant “rational” or judging preference perceive the world as an ordered structure that follows a set of rules.
He called sensing and intuitive types “irrational” because they are characterized by dominance of the functions of perception (either sensing or intuition), and therefore their “commissions and omissions are based not upon reasoned judgment but upon the absolute intensity of perception” [Jung, 1971]. “Irrational” or Perceiving preference operates with opportunities, i.e. with a range of possible outcomes that result from assumed premises or from sensations, mostly driven by the unconscious processes. People with dominant “irrational” or Perceiving preference see the world as a structure that can take various forms and outcomes. It is possible to determine, either by observation or by asking certain questions, preference of Judging vs. Perceiving and the strength thereof in a person.
References
1. Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological types (Collected works of C. G. Jung, volume 6, Chapter X)
2. Briggs Myers, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type
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